Printing Process and Materials
The inkjet-printing process was performed with a Dimatix Materials Printer (DMP) 2831 and an installed piezoelectric printhead with 16 nozzles, which have a distance of 254 μm (Figure 2). The piezoelectric elements are driven by a voltage waveform. A silver nano-particle ink PE410 was used and printed on a PET substrate Melinex 506 (Teijin Films) which has a thickness of 100 μm. The solid content of the ink is 45.2 wt% dissolved in Butyldiglycol and octylamine [11]. The PET substrate consists of an adhesion promoting pre-treatment
印刷工藝與材料
噴墨打印過程是用迪馬提克斯材料打印機完成的。(DMP)2831和一個安裝有16個噴嘴的壓電打印頭，其距離為254μm（圖2）。壓電元件由電壓波形驅動。采用銀納米粒子油墨PE410，在厚度為100μm的PET基板Melinex 506（Teijin薄膜）上印刷。油墨的固含量為45.2%（重量%），溶解在丁基二甘醇和辛胺中。[11]。PET基材包括促進附著力的預處理

Metallic Nanoparticle Inks for 3D Printing of Electronics

The three‐dimensional (3D) printed electronics additive manufacturing industry sector has grown substantially in the past few years, and there is increasing demand for different types of metallic nanoparticle inks in electronics printing for various applications. Metallic nanoparticle inks are commonly used for fabricating conductive tracks and patterns due to their relatively high electrical conductivity as compared to other types of inks, and they can be further categorized into single‐element metallic nanoparticle inks, alloy metallic nanoparticle inks, metallic oxide nanoparticle inks, and core–shell bimetallic nanoparticle (BNP) inks. It is critical to gain a deep understanding of the metallic nanoparticle inks used in 3D printed electronics as the material properties of these inks can directly affect the final electrical and mechanical properties of the printed patterns. This review presents an overview of the available metallic nanoparticle inks used for 3D printing of electronics, and critically reviews the strengths and weaknesses of each type of ink. Finally, the challenges of metallic nanoparticle inks in 3D printed electronics are also discussed along with the future outlook for 3D printed electronics.

用于電子3D打印的金屬納米顆粒油墨

三維（3D）打印電子增材制造行業在過去幾年中已取得實質性增長，并且在電子印刷中針對各種應用對不同類型的金屬納米粒子油墨的需求不斷增長。與其他類型的墨水相比，金屬納米粒子墨水具有較高的電導率，因此通常用于制造導電跡線和圖案，并且可以進一步分為單元素金屬納米粒子墨水，合金金屬納米粒子墨水，金屬氧化物納米粒子墨水。和核殼雙金屬納米粒子（BNP）油墨。深入了解3D打印電子產品中使用的金屬納米顆粒油墨至關重要，因為這些油墨的材料性能會直接影響印刷圖案的最終電氣和機械性能。這篇評論概述了可用于電子3D打印的金屬納米粒子油墨，并嚴格地審查了每種油墨的優缺點。最后，還討論了3D打印電子產品中金屬納米顆粒油墨的挑戰以及3D打印電子產品的未來前景。